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Contents

High school chemistry

Short lessons with interactive models and practice problems, ordered so each builds on the ones before it.

Written with AI. Each part shows how many people and independent AI runs have reviewed it. How review works

Unit 1 Matter and measurement

  1. 1.1Classifying matter

    Sort matter into elements, compounds and mixtures.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  2. 1.2Physical and chemical changes

    Tell a change of form from a change of substance.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  3. 1.3Significant figures

    Count the digits in a measurement that carry real information.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  4. 1.4Unit conversions

    Convert between units by multiplying by conversion factors.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  5. 1.5Density

    Relate the mass of a substance to the space it takes up.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

Unit 2 Atomic structure

  1. 2.1Atomic structure

    Describe an atom by its protons, neutrons and electrons.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  2. 2.2Electron configuration

    Write how an atom's electrons fill its energy levels and sublevels.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  3. 2.3Isotopes and atomic mass

    Explain why atomic masses on the periodic table are not whole numbers.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  4. 2.4Valence electrons

    Find the outer electrons that control how an atom bonds.

    Human-reviewed 0/6 · AI-reviewed 0/6

  5. 2.5Ions

    Predict the charge an atom takes when it gains or loses electrons.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

Unit 3 The periodic table

  1. 3.1Organization of the periodic table

    Read groups, periods and element families from the table.

    Human-reviewed 0/8 · AI-reviewed 0/8

  2. 3.2Periodic trends

    Predict atomic size, ionization energy and electronegativity from position.

    Human-reviewed 0/8 · AI-reviewed 0/8

Unit 4 Bonding and compounds

  1. 4.1Ionic bonding

    Explain how metals and nonmetals bond by transferring electrons.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  2. 4.2Covalent bonding

    Show how nonmetals bond by sharing electrons, using Lewis structures.

    Human-reviewed 0/6 · AI-reviewed 0/6

  3. 4.3Chemical formulas

    Read a formula to find which atoms, and how many, a substance contains.

    Human-reviewed 0/6 · AI-reviewed 0/6

  4. 4.4Naming ionic compounds

    Name compounds of metals and nonmetals, including polyatomic ions.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  5. 4.5Naming covalent compounds

    Name compounds of two nonmetals using prefixes.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  6. 4.6Molecular shape

    Predict the shape of a molecule from the electron groups around its central atom.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  7. 4.7Polarity and intermolecular forces

    Use electronegativity to predict polar bonds and how molecules attract each other.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

Unit 5 Chemical reactions

  1. 5.1Conservation of mass

    Explain why the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants.

    Human-reviewed 0/6 · AI-reviewed 0/6

  2. 5.2Balancing chemical equations

    Choose coefficients so every element has the same number of atoms on both sides.

    Human-reviewed 0/9 · AI-reviewed 0/9

  3. 5.3Types of reactions

    Recognize five common patterns of chemical reactions.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

Unit 6 The mole and stoichiometry

  1. 6.1The mole

    Count atoms and molecules using the chemist's counting unit.

    Human-reviewed 0/6 · AI-reviewed 0/6

  2. 6.2Molar mass

    Find the mass of one mole of a compound from its formula.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  3. 6.3Converting between mass and moles

    Use molar mass as a conversion factor between grams and moles.

    Human-reviewed 0/8 · AI-reviewed 0/8

  4. 6.4Percent composition

    Find what percentage of a compound's mass comes from each element.

    Human-reviewed 0/6 · AI-reviewed 0/6

  5. 6.5Empirical formulas

    Find the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound from mass data.

    Human-reviewed 0/6 · AI-reviewed 0/6

  6. 6.6Mole ratios in reactions

    Use the coefficients of a balanced equation to relate amounts of reactants and products.

    Human-reviewed 0/6 · AI-reviewed 0/6

  7. 6.7Mass-to-mass stoichiometry

    Calculate the mass of a product from the mass of a reactant.

    Human-reviewed 0/6 · AI-reviewed 0/6

  8. 6.8Limiting reactant

    Find which reactant runs out first and how much product it allows.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  9. 6.9Percent yield

    Compare the product actually obtained with the amount the equation predicts.

    Human-reviewed 0/6 · AI-reviewed 0/6

Unit 7 Gases

  1. 7.1Pressure and temperature

    Describe gases with pressure units and the Kelvin temperature scale.

    Human-reviewed 0/6 · AI-reviewed 0/6

  2. 7.2Boyle's law

    Relate the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  3. 7.3Charles's law

    Relate the volume and temperature of a gas at constant pressure.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  4. 7.4The ideal gas law

    Relate pressure, volume, temperature and moles of a gas in one equation.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

Unit 8 Solutions

  1. 8.1Solutions and solubility

    Describe how substances dissolve and what limits how much dissolves.

    Human-reviewed 0/6 · AI-reviewed 0/6

  2. 8.2Molarity

    Measure the concentration of a solution in moles per liter.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  3. 8.3Dilution

    Calculate the concentration after adding solvent to a solution.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

Unit 9 Energy, rates and equilibrium

  1. 9.1Specific heat

    Calculate the heat needed to change the temperature of a substance.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  2. 9.2Endothermic and exothermic reactions

    Track whether a reaction absorbs or releases heat.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  3. 9.3Reaction rates

    Explain what makes a reaction go faster or slower.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  4. 9.4Chemical equilibrium

    Describe reversible reactions and predict how they respond to change.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

Unit 10 Acids and bases

  1. 10.1Acids and bases

    Define acids and bases by what they do in water.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  2. 10.2The pH scale

    Measure acidity from the concentration of hydrogen ions.

    Human-reviewed 0/8 · AI-reviewed 0/8

  3. 10.3Neutralization and titration

    Predict the products when an acid and a base react, and find an unknown concentration.

    Human-reviewed 0/6 · AI-reviewed 0/6

Unit 11 Oxidation and reduction

  1. 11.1Oxidation numbers

    Assign each atom a number that tracks its share of electrons.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

  2. 11.2Redox reactions

    Identify what is oxidized and what is reduced when electrons transfer.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7

Unit 12 Nuclear chemistry

  1. 12.1Radioactive decay

    Describe how unstable nuclei change by emitting radiation.

    Human-reviewed 0/6 · AI-reviewed 0/6

  2. 12.2Half-life

    Calculate how much of a radioactive sample remains over time.

    Human-reviewed 0/7 · AI-reviewed 0/7